Составление карты неба с движущейся Земли: относительность и позиция в сравнительном правоведении

Фишер Джеймс – Университет «София» (Токио, Япония).
Год: 2023
УДК: 340.5
Страницы: 47-65
Язык: русский
Раздел: Юриспруденция
Ключевые слова: сравнительное правоведение, философия права, методология права, релятивизм, универсализм
Аннотация
В статье изучаются идеи, возникшие в результате сравнительно-правового анализа, в их соотношении с самим сравнительно-правовым дискурсом, для того чтобы подробно и контекстуально рассмотреть продолжительные методологические дискуссии, касающиеся «философии» сравнительного правоведения. Автор приводит несколько методологических аргументов, основанных на фундаментальных положениях теории и философии права, указывая при этом на более широкие философские последствия конкретных исходных посылок и подчеркивая вытекающие из этого проблемы чрезмерной предвзятости в сравнительно-правовых исследованиях. Он оспаривает подразумеваемую, но широко распространенную в компаративистике презумпцию, согласно которой вдумчивое размышление, абстрагирование и осторожность могут позволить избежать значительной конкретизации абстрактных правовых понятий и категорий. Автор исследует неизбежную предвзятость любого сравнительного исследования, особенно в связи со статусом компаративиста как продукта, так и субъекта правоотношений и юридического мышления. Он акцентирует внимание на относительной исследовательской перспективе, призывая уделять повышенное внимание тому, как аксиомы общей юриспруденции, лежащие в основе методологических посылок в рамках сравнительного правоведения, выражают относительное положение системы права в ее историческом развитии.
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