The Role of New Russian Spiritual and Artistic Culture in Understanding and Correcting the Process of Modernization

The article deals with the special historical and socio-cultural role of Russian spiritual and artistic culture of the last modernization wave of the Imperial period. The cardinal feature of this culture is its European (in philosophical and cultural sense) Genesis. Considering the classic dispute between Westerners and Slavophils, the author notes the presence of other platforms in the discourse of dispute – such as Byzantinism, Eurasianism and "Russian Europeism", as well as the growing tendencies of integration.