Criticism of the Conformist Universe in the Works of F. M. Dostoevsky and M. Horkheimer

For the first time in the research literature about F. M. Dostoevsky, the writer appears as the largest predecessor of the Frankfurt school of neo-Marxism. The article provides a comparative analysis of the philosophemes of M. Horkheimer and the “Russian Dante” through the prism of ambivalence of conformism and nonconformism. The psychosocial archetypes of I. F. Karamazov, N. F. Barashkova and the «underground master» are considered in comparison with the anthropological inventions of I. Horkheimer in his monograph “The Eclipse of Reason”. The authors conclude that there is a fundamental ideological unity between the Director of the Frankfurt sociological Institute and the Russian classical scholar.